Pruning the olive tree is of great importance for the health and productivity of the plant. This process should be carried out during the tree’s vegetative dormancy period, that is, at the end of winter. Since the tree pauses its growth and fruit-bearing processes during this time, pruning minimizes stress and allows new shoots to develop more vigorously. When done at the right time and with proper techniques, pruning extends the lifespan of the tree while improving both the quality and yield of the olives. At the same time, removing dried, diseased, or unproductive branches during pruning improves air and light penetration, creating a healthier growth environment.
Fertilization is an important step for the healthy development of the olive tree and for ensuring high yield. This process should be carried out during the growth phase or within the period from spring until mid-August. Fertilizing within this time frame allows the tree to receive the nutrients it needs at the right moment and increases fruit productivity. Regular fertilization, applied in accordance with the condition of the soil and the tree, contributes to strengthening the roots, keeping the leaves healthy, and improving the quality of the olives. In addition, when applied at the right time and in balanced amounts, fertilization boosts the tree’s resistance, making it stronger against diseases and pests.
Flowering is a critical stage in the growth and production cycle of the olive tree. Usually occurring between late March and mid-April, this process marks the transformation of buds into flowers, taking the first step toward fruit formation. This period is a delicate phase during which the tree requires careful maintenance. A good flowering directly impacts olive yield. Therefore, soil moisture and nutrient balance must be carefully maintained, and the tree should be protected from any stress factors. Optimal conditions during the flowering stage form the foundation for abundant and high-quality fruit production.
Fruit setting is a decisive stage in the productivity of the olive tree and usually takes place in May. During this process, flowers transform into small fruits, laying the foundation for olive formation. As the ovaries increase in size, defective or unfertilized flowers naturally shed. The fruit setting period is highly sensitive in terms of meeting the tree’s nutritional and water requirements correctly. Proper care and feeding during this stage support the healthy growth of the fruits and directly influence the final product quality.
Stone hardening is an important phase for the healthy development and high yield of the olive tree. This stage generally takes place after fruit set, when the seed inside the olive begins to lignify and harden. During this period, the tree’s demand for water and nutrients increases significantly. Providing adequate irrigation and balanced fertilization at this time ensures the proper development of both the fruit and the seed. Regular and well-timed care not only supports the growth of strong and healthy olives but also improves their overall quality. In addition, maintaining balance during the stone hardening phase enhances the tree’s resistance, making it stronger against diseases and pests.
Irrigation of olive trees in production plays a vital role in ensuring healthy growth and yield. This process is carried out as needed, starting from the beginning of the growing season until the onset of winter rains. Since water deficiency can negatively affect vegetative growth, fruit set, and fruit development, regular and sufficient irrigation is of great importance. Especially during hot and dry periods, meeting the water needs of the trees increases both the quality and the quantity of the crop. Proper irrigation helps olive trees remain strong and healthy, ensures high productivity, and supports the production of quality olives.
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